Climate change, high food and oil prices complicate prospects, say WB, IMF
A new World Bank-IMF report warns that most countries will fall short on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of eight globally agreed development goals with a due date of 2015. Though much of the world is set to cut extreme poverty in half by then, prospects are gravest for the goals of reducing child and maternal mortality, with serious shortfalls also likely in primary school completion, nutrition, and sanitation goals.
"In this Year of Action on the MDGs, I am particularly concerned about the risks of failing to meet the goal of reducing hunger and malnutrition, the 'forgotten MDG'," said Robert B. Zoellick, President of the World Bank Group. "As the report shows, reducing malnutrition has a 'multiplier' effect, contributing to success in other MDGs including maternal health, infant mortality, and education."
The Global Monitoring Report: MDGs and the Environment - Agenda for Inclusive and Sustainable Development stresses the link between environment and development and calls for urgent action on climate change. The report warns that developing countries stand to suffer the most from climate change and the degradation of natural resources. To build on hard-won gains, developing countries need support to address the links between growth, development and environmental sustainability.
"Developing countries need more foreign aid and domestic resources to reach the MDGs. High economic growth and a stable macroeconomic environment remain essential for reducing poverty and increasing investment in health and education." said Dominique Strauss-Kahn, IMF Managing Director.
Progress toward the MDGs differs dramatically across countries, regions, and income groups, the report says. Sub-Saharan Africa lags on all counts, including the goal for poverty reduction, though many countries in the region are now experiencing improved growth performance. At the country level, most countries are off track to meet most MDGs, with those in fragile situations falling behind most seriously.
With stronger efforts by the countries themselves and their development partners, most MDGs remain achievable for most countries, the report says. With this in mind, the report lays out an integrated six-point agenda, with strong, inclusive growth at the top. The agenda also calls for more effective aid; a successful outcome to the Doha round of trade talks; more emphasis on strengthening programs in health, education and nutrition; and financing and technology transfers to support climate change mitigation and adaptation.
"This year's high level meetings in connection with the MDG halfway point provide an opportunity to agree on priorities for action and milestones for monitoring progress," said Zia Qureshi, lead author of the report.
HALFWAY TO 2015 — FAST FACTS
- Though the overall aid landscape is expanding, official development
assistance (ODA) - estimated at $103.7 billion in 2007 - has stalled.
To meet the G8 promises to increase aid by $50 billion by 2010, ODA
must expand. Meanwhile, new donors like China and India are growing in
size and importance. - Growth momentum will have to be sustained and broadened in
developing countries in the face of financial turmoil. The IMF projects
global GDP growth will slow from 4.9 percent in 2007 to 3.7 percent in
2008. Developing countries' growth will ease to 6.7 percent, but
persistent financial market turmoil and knock-on effects on growth pose
significant downside risks. - The number of people living on under $1/day in the developing world
declined by 278 million between 1990 and 2004, and a stunning 150
million in the last 5 years of that period. - Rapid progress is possible. Vietnam reduced poverty from 58 percent in 1993 to 16 percent in 2006.
- Forty million more children are in school and gender disparity in
primary and secondary schools has declined by 60 percent, but 75
million children remain out of school. - Every year, three million more children survive, and 2 million
lives are saved by immunization. But every week, 10,000 women still die
from treatable complications of pregnancy and birth, and over 190,000
children under five are lost to disease. Two million people now receive
AIDS treatment, but about the same number die every year of the
disease, and over 33 million are infected with HIV. - The economic burden of environmental health hazards is estimated at
1.5 to 4 percent of GDP. Worldwide, environmental risk factors play a
role in 80 percent of diseases, including malaria, diarrhea, and
respiratory infections. A child dies of malaria every 30 seconds. - A billion people lack reasonable access to safe drinking water and
2.6 billion people (40 percent of the world population) do not have
access to basic sanitation. Meeting the water and sanitation targets
will require doubling the current annual investment to about $30
billion. - The UN estimates that by 2030, developing countries will need $100
billion annually to finance mitigation and $28-$ 67 billion for
adaptation. - A third of the developing world's population - 1.6 billion people -
lack access to modern energy, and are forced to rely on carbon-emitting
biomass and fossil-fuel energy. - An area of forest equivalent to the size of Panama or Sierra Leone
is lost every year to land use changes, with most of the loss
concentrated in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. - In 2007, gross concessional flows from multilateral development
banks crossed $12 billion, a 10.3 percent increase driven by the
International Development Association (IDA). While Asia continued to
receive almost half of these flows, Africa received 45 percent in 2007,
up from 37 percent in 2000.
